Beitrag von Aimbot
Hey Leute,habe gerade für meinen Englisch-GK einen Vortrag über Entwicklungshilfe vorbereitet. Das Thema finde ich sehr interessant, deswegen würde ich es hier gerne zur Diskussion stellen und versuche das mal möglichst kurz zusammenzufassen.Wie ist die Entwicklungshilfe überhaupt entstanden?- Entwicklungshilfe entstand in der Phase der Dekolonisierung, kurz nachdem der zweite Weltkrieg endetet und der kalte Krieg angefangen hatte
- die westlich kapitalistischen Länder und östlichen kommunistischen Länder nutzten es als Tool um Einfluss in Afrika zu gewinnen
- es wurde benutzt um wirtschaftlich und politisch Druckk auf die Länder auszuüben und es wurden auch Panzer und Raketen geschickt um eine loyale Allianze gegen die entgegengesetzte Ideologie zu gewinnen
- Das Prinzip der Importsubstituion wurde am Anfang als Allheilmittel propagiert.
- Der Sinn war, dass die Entwicklungsländer ihre Abhängigkeit von Importen verringern sollte, indem ihnen gewaltige Kredite aufgedrängt worden sind um Infrastruktur aufzubauen
- Am Ende überstiegen die geleisteten Schuldendiesnte die erhaltene Entwicklungshilfe - es floss mehr Geld vom Süden in den Norden als umgekehrt
- Nachdem die Importsubstitution nicht funktionierte, versuchte man den Markt zu liberalisieren und zu privatisieren.
- Man meinte die »unsichtbare Hand des Marktes« würde es richten
- Heutzutage glauben viele Afrikaner, dass der Import des Kapitalismus nur ein neuer Weg war, um den afrikanischen Kontinet weiter auszunutzen, wie es vor 500 Jahren begann.
- Die Privatisierung nutze nur den Europäischen Firmen
- Nachdem mehr als 1 Billionen Dollar in den letzten 50 Jahren den afrikanischen Menschen gespendet worden ist, sind die meisten noch ärmer geworden und sind nun komplett abhängig von Entwicklungshilfe
- Weil die Landwirtschaft komplett außen vor gelassen worden ist von den Instrudieländern, ist Afrika nun nicht einmal in der Lage genügend Essen noch Kleidung für sich selber herzustellen
- Das meiste Geld erreicht die Menschen gar nicht, die es brauchen und wird nutzlos verschwendet. Oft erreicht nur 10-30% die armen Menschen, der Rest wird für Bürokratie verbraucht und durch Korruption verschwendet. Z.B. in einem bekannten Fall fand die Weltbank heraus, dass nur 13% eines Bildungsprogramms zu Schulen gelangte. Das meiste davon verschwand an Phantomlehrer, die in Wirklichkeit garnicht exestieren.
- Die Hilfe von außen zerstört die Motivation von Afrikanern um Initiative zu ergreifen.
- Nahrungsmittel und Kleidung werden aus den reichen Industrieländern nach Afrika gebracht und machen dort die Menschen arbeitslos bzw. zerstören die Preise. Weil mit geschenkt können auch afrikanische Arbeiter nicht konkurrieren. So wird eine eigene Industrie und Unabhängigkeit klein gehalten (bekannt als die Dutch Disease)
Beitrag von Maschendrahtzaun
Du hast es für den Englisch-GK vorbereitet, es ist aber auf Deutsch?Very interesting...:zufrieden:What I can´t understand is that your outlook to the future does not provide any kind of solution.I mean, what would you suggest?According to your explanations it would be best not to pay any development aid to the third world countries.But is it really worth trying it?In fact, there is legitimated doubt on the question whether classical development aid is a solution for the third world.However, there has no convincing idea come up in the last years which can replace it, as far as I concern.You state that poverty has even increased, but don´t forget that world population did as well.Moreover, we are not able to predict how the situation would develop without any kind of development aid.Would it be better?Or even worse?Finally, we have to distinguish between classical development aid and emergency aid. (Which I really would recommend to you doing it in your presentation as well) In the past few years, emergency aid has become more and more important and has really stretched its budget compared to classical development aid.Is it really a feasible approach to let people die instead of helping them.But, however, if we help all starving people in the entire world, there will be twice as much in a few years.This leads to the actual problem: The tremendously growing world population.How could we counteract that?Beitrag von Aimbot
Ofc i have written it in english, but i didnt wanted to post it in english, cuz i thought not everyone would understand it. But the english version is way better than the german. I just translated it on the fly.Here is the english version:Development aidIn my speech I examine the effects of development aid in Africa. First I want to tell you a little bit about the history of development aid.Why development aid in the first place?- Development aid was created shortly after the second world war when colonialism came to an end and the cold war started
- Western capitalistic countries and eastern communist countries used it as a tool to gain influence in Africa.
- Foreign aid can be used to create sufficient economic or political pressure on the receiving countries, in instances such as repayment of the aids taken as loans
- They also send tanks and rockets. With these measures they boosted their own export industry and also won a loyal alliance against the opposing ideology.
- At the beginning they thought Import substition would be the cure-all solution
- This means that they should reduce their depency on imports
- So they got forced to get big loans to develop their infrastructure and fabrics
- As a result the debts got so high that the interest rate which the African countries had to pay was bigger than the development aid
- After they saw that the Import substation failed, they then tried to liberalize and privatize the market
- But in most cases this lead to even more poverty and corruption
- Nowadays a lot of African people believe that this import of the capitalism was just a new way to exploit the African continent that has started 500 years earlier with first colonies. This believe is caused by the fact that the liberalization of the market served mostly the European companies
- In fact after spending more than 1 Billion Dollar during the last 50 years the African people are even poorer then before and now completely rely on development aid
- Because the agaric sector has been disregarded completely by the industrialized countries Africa can’t even produce neither enough food nor clothes for their people.
- The Nobel prize winner and former chief economist of the World Bank Joseph Stiglitz said that the development aid helped only our companies to be successful .
- Today it´s not anymore about Ideology but about access to the African market and their resources
- Many econometric studies in recent years have supported the view that development aid has no effect on the speed with which countries develop.
- It has been argued that much government-to-government aid was ineffective because it was merely a way to support strategically important leaders. A good example of this is the former dictator of Zaire, Mobuto Sese Seko, who lost support from the West after the Cold War had ended. Mobuto, at the time of his death, had a sufficient personal fortune (particularly in Swiss banks) to pay off the entire external debt of Zaire.
- Most of the money which is donated doesn’t reach the people which need it. Often only 10 to 30 percent reaches the poor people the rest is spend for bureaucracy and wasted by corruption. There was one famous case where a lot of money was donated for education. It should be used to pay teachers and to buy stuff for the school. But the reports later have shown that most of the teachers which received money didn’t even exist. The names on the paychecks have completely been made up. At the end only 13% of the donated money was actually used.
- a very large part of the spend money on development aid is simply wasted uselessly. According to Gerbert van der Aa, for the Netherlands, only 33% of the development aid is successful, another 33% fails and of the remaining 33% the effect is unclear. This means that for example for the Netherlands, 1.33 to 2.66 billion is lost as it spends 4 billion in total of development aid (or 0,8% of the gross national product).
- The donated food and clothes are causing great economic damage. Because this stuff is given free to the people it destroys jobs from farmers and other people which produce it. Even African workers can’t produce food for free. This at the end makes them even more dependent on the industrialized nations (known as Dutch Disease).
- The help from outside destroys the motivation of the African people to take initiative.